Usually the cooling effect of evaporation is limited to the surface from which water evaporates. For example, our body also cools using the same mechanism. Our sweat evaporates by drawing heat from the skin, making us feel cooler.

But with trees, the cooling effects is felt below and around the canopy for three reasons. First, all the leaves are transpiring together as one unit: the canopy. An immense amount of water is evaporating from the canopy – as much as 20 – 30 gallons a day per tree – drawing in heat energy from all around the canopy. This transpiration and evaporation water vapor goes up into the atmosphere, forms clouds and comes back down as rain, which also cools the entire area.

Second, more stomata are present in the lower surface of a leaf. This makes cooling effect under the canopy more pronounced.

Third, water is also evaporating from the soil under the tree, cooling the ground. This process is called evaporation cooling. The two processes of transpiration cooling and evaporation cooling work together to cool the surrounding air and ground.

Usually the cooling effect of evaporation is limited to the surface from which water evaporates. For example, our body also cools using the same mechanism. Our sweat evaporates by drawing heat from the skin, making us feel cooler.

But with trees, the cooling effects is felt below and around the canopy for three reasons. First, all the leaves are transpiring together as one unit: the canopy. An immense amount of water is evaporating from the canopy – as much as 20 – 30 gallons a day per tree – drawing in heat energy from all around the canopy. This transpiration and evaporation water vapor goes up into the atmosphere, forms clouds and comes back down as rain, which also cools the entire area.

Second, more stomata are present in the lower surface of a leaf. This makes cooling effect under the canopy more pronounced.

Third, water is also evaporating from the soil under the tree, cooling the ground. This process is called evaporation cooling. The two processes of transpiration cooling and evaporation cooling work together to cool the surrounding air and ground.

Trees help clean the environment by absorbing the polluting gases from the atmosphere and purifying it by reducing two types of pollutants, both gaseous pollutants and airborne particles. Gaseous pollutants include a range of dioxides such as sulfur and nitrogen. Airborne particles would be inhaled deep into our lungs if trees did not absorb them.

Many of these pollutants are toxic to humans, yet they are beneficial to plants as nutrition such as nitrogen and sulfur, essential elements in fertilizers. The leaves of trees have pockets, known as Stomata, which filter in these pollutants and expel oxygen.

Trees draw up water from their roots and transport it to the leaves, where photosynthesis takes place. Up to 99% of the water that reaches the leaves is lost as water vapor when the stomata (openings on the leaf surface) open and close to exchange carbon dioxide and oxygen. This process is called transpiration, and the resultant cooling effect is called transpiration cooling.

Trees help clean the environment by absorbing the polluting gases from the atmosphere and purifying it by reducing two types of pollutants, both gaseous pollutants and airborne particles. Gaseous pollutants include a range of dioxides such as sulfur and nitrogen. Airborne particles would be inhaled deep into our lungs if trees did not absorb them.

Many of these pollutants are toxic to humans, yet they are beneficial to plants as nutrition such as nitrogen and sulfur, essential elements in fertilizers. The leaves of trees have pockets, known as Stomata, which filter in these pollutants and expel oxygen.

Trees draw up water from their roots and transport it to the leaves, where photosynthesis takes place. Up to 99% of the water that reaches the leaves is lost as water vapor when the stomata (openings on the leaf surface) open and close to exchange carbon dioxide and oxygen. This process is called transpiration, and the resultant cooling effect is called transpiration cooling.

The solution

Something can be done, but we are running out of time so we must act fast

We started a project of turning deserts into forests to offset the destruction of our equatorial rain forests, seriously increase carbon sequestration naturally and have a working model to show what can be done with deserts and arid lands by turning them into a large enough forest that will significantly increase the local and/or regional rainfall.

We started a project of turning deserts into forests to offset the destruction of our equatorial rain forests, seriously increase carbon sequestration naturally and have a working model to show what can be done with deserts and arid lands by turning them into a large enough forest that will significantly increase the local and/or regional rainfall.

Primary water is not a new concept; science has long considered and investigated earth-generated water.  Just think of the steam produced by a volcano and associated thermals and hot springs as well as mountain springs and streams-there is certainly water emerging from within our planet.

The reason you  have not heard about primary water is due to popular scientific theories about the origin of water on earth-such as comets and asteroids-and with the focus on the water system we see and are the most familiar with: the hydrological  cycle of water that includes runoff, evaporation  and precipitation.

Much less attention has been paid to the water that comes from beneath our feet-ready to be accessed and used by people, animals, farms and industry.

Primary water refers to earth-generated water (H2O, in all its phases) produced from primary rocks which are also the source of our primary minerals. The emerging multi-disciplinary science of Geo-Hydrology (as opposed to Hydro-Geologyand traditional Hydrology) focuses specifically on investigating and locating primary water and is related to Geo-Chemistry, Geo- Physics, Mineralogy, Geology, Geomorphology, Seismology, Crystallography and Volcanology, as well as Astro-Biology which studies the creation of planetary water and thus life throughout our Solar System and the Universe.

Primary water is created by the electromechanical forces of our planet, subjected to tremendous pressures and temperatures, both near surface and deep in the hydrous mantle transition zone, at a depth of 410-660 kilometers (250–400 miles), that has been identified by deep-earth seismologists, mineralogists and astro-biologists. The term primary water dates to a scientific paper in the Geological Society of Stockholm Proceedings of 1896 by renowned Finnish-Swedish geologist, mineralogist and explorer Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld titled, “About Drilling for Water in Primary Rock” for which he was nominated for the first Nobel Prize in Physics. Nordenskiöld died in 1901 before the first prizes were awarded.

This paper was translated into English and included in what is considered to be the primary water textbook, “New Water for a Thirsty World” by University of Southern California professor Dr. Michael Salzman published in 1960, with a forward by Aldous Huxley, and which largely traces the career of the German-educated mining engineer and pioneer primary water geo-hydrologist Stephen Riess. Such leading scientists as Nobel Prize winners Linus Pauling and Willard Libby as well as the eminent geologist Ralph Arnold collaborated with Salzman during the four years he spent researching the subject as a result of numerous news articles chronicling Riess’s exploits during the 1950s.

It was Riess who introduced the term primary water into English and the scientific lexicon by calling “the new water he finds ‘primary’ water because of its close association with primary minerals.” In 1957, Encyclopedia Britannica’s Book of the Year wrote the following on The “New Water” Theory of Stephan Riess: ―Stephan Riess of California formulated a theory that “new water” which never existed before, is constantly being formed within the earth by the combination of elemental hydrogen and oxygen and that this water finds its way to the surface, and can be located and tapped, to constitute a steady and unfailing new supply.  — 1957 Britannica Book of the Year

Primary water is not a new concept; science has long considered and investigated earth-generated water.  Just think of the steam produced by a volcano and associated thermals and hot springs as well as mountain springs and streams-there is certainly water emerging from within our planet.

The reason you  have not heard about primary water is due to popular scientific theories about the origin of water on earth-such as comets and asteroids-and with the focus on the water system we see and are the most familiar with: the hydrological  cycle of water that includes runoff, evaporation  and precipitation.

Much less attention has been paid to the water that comes from beneath our feet-ready to be accessed and used by people, animals, farms and industry.

Primary water refers to earth-generated water (H2O, in all its phases) produced from primary rocks which are also the source of our primary minerals. The emerging multi-disciplinary science of Geo-Hydrology (as opposed to Hydro-Geologyand traditional Hydrology) focuses specifically on investigating and locating primary water and is related to Geo-Chemistry, Geo- Physics, Mineralogy, Geology, Geomorphology, Seismology, Crystallography and Volcanology, as well as Astro-Biology which studies the creation of planetary water and thus life throughout our Solar System and the Universe.

Primary water is created by the electromechanical forces of our planet, subjected to tremendous pressures and temperatures, both near surface and deep in the hydrous mantle transition zone, at a depth of 410-660 kilometers (250–400 miles), that has been identified by deep-earth seismologists, mineralogists and astro-biologists. The term primary water dates to a scientific paper in the Geological Society of Stockholm Proceedings of 1896 by renowned Finnish-Swedish geologist, mineralogist and explorer Adolf Erik Nordenskiöld titled, “About Drilling for Water in Primary Rock” for which he was nominated for the first Nobel Prize in Physics. Nordenskiöld died in 1901 before the first prizes were awarded.

This paper was translated into English and included in what is considered to be the primary water textbook, “New Water for a Thirsty World” by University of Southern California professor Dr. Michael Salzman published in 1960, with a forward by Aldous Huxley, and which largely traces the career of the German-educated mining engineer and pioneer primary water geo-hydrologist Stephen Riess. Such leading scientists as Nobel Prize winners Linus Pauling and Willard Libby as well as the eminent geologist Ralph Arnold collaborated with Salzman during the four years he spent researching the subject as a result of numerous news articles chronicling Riess’s exploits during the 1950s.

It was Riess who introduced the term primary water into English and the scientific lexicon by calling “the new water he finds ‘primary’ water because of its close association with primary minerals.” In 1957, Encyclopedia Britannica’s Book of the Year wrote the following on The “New Water” Theory of Stephan Riess: ―Stephan Riess of California formulated a theory that “new water” which never existed before, is constantly being formed within the earth by the combination of elemental hydrogen and oxygen and that this water finds its way to the surface, and can be located and tapped, to constitute a steady and unfailing new supply.  — 1957 Britannica Book of the Year

Why this has not been done before is only because of a lack of one vital ingredient, water, in a viable and consistently abundant supply, which is not depleting other known water sources. This has always been the insurmountable barrier in arid and desert lands.

We have already completed the first steps of locating Primary Water in a number of Arizona desert areas.

Why this has not been done before is only because of a lack of one vital ingredient, water, in a viable and consistently abundant supply, which is not depleting other known water sources. This has always been the insurmountable barrier in arid and desert lands.

We have already completed the first steps of locating Primary Water in a number of Arizona desert areas.

Our success rate for drilling wells that produce an abundant supply of Primary Water ranges between 95% to 98%.

Our success rate for drilling wells that produce an abundant supply of Primary Water ranges between 95% to 98%.

Your donations will be used in purchasing private desert land or acquiring leases from the US Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management (BLM) to be used exclusively for growing forests and natural carbon sequestration.

Your donations will be used in purchasing private desert land or acquiring leases from the US Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management (BLM) to be used exclusively for growing forests and natural carbon sequestration.

Your 100% tax deductible donation will go directly towards:

1. Preforming judicious due diligence to ensure Primary Water can be developed before acquiring desert land in which to grow forests.
2. Obtaining drilling permits and drilling wells and installing pumping systems before planting the appropriate trees.
3. Planting trees on desert lands and management of those trees and forests.

Your 100% tax deductible donation will go directly towards:

1. Preforming judicious due diligence to ensure Primary Water can be developed before acquiring desert land in which to grow forests.
2. Obtaining drilling permits and drilling wells and installing pumping systems before planting the appropriate trees.
3. Planting trees on desert lands and management of those trees and forests.

We have located Primary Water on 310 acres of private land that is surrounded by Federal Land. We planted a few indigenous tress to find out which ones will do the best at this location. We will only use this land to grow a model forest. An Arizona District office of the U.S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management, has already green lighted our project on Federal Land. One of the requirements is following NEPA (National Environmental Protection Act). This model forest will fast track that entire process and the probable expansion of this forest onto thousands of acres of Federal Land.

We have located Primary Water on 310 acres of private land that is surrounded by Federal Land. We planted a few indigenous tress to find out which ones will do the best at this location. We will only use this land to grow a model forest. An Arizona District office of the U.S. Department of Interior, Bureau of Land Management, has already green lighted our project on Federal Land. One of the requirements is following NEPA (National Environmental Protection Act). This model forest will fast track that entire process and the probable expansion of this forest onto thousands of acres of Federal Land.

Your 100% tax deductible donation will go directly towards:

Your 100% tax deductible donation will go directly towards:

The administration and optimum management of forested lands

We plant and grow trees where there are not any – in treeless, barren deserts that are unutilized or underutilized and can be dedicated specifically to forestation. With so many of our forests having been destroyed and repurposed, there is a huge difference between increasing the amount of land that can be forested (literally turning deserts into forests) and simply planting trees.

We own or will be leasing Federal lands (40 year leases that are renewable for 2 additional terms), which we have already planted trees on. This allows us to manage our trees not only to maturity but into actual forests, which will also greatly enhance wildlife habitat.

We plant trees. We do not plant seeds and call them trees. We manage the trees we plant to ensure the overwhelming majority do not die and make it to maturity to collectively become forests.

We plant and grow trees where there are not any – in treeless, barren deserts that are unutilized or underutilized and can be dedicated specifically to forestation. With so many of our forests having been destroyed and repurposed, there is a huge difference between increasing the amount of land that can be forested (literally turning deserts into forests) and simply planting trees.

We own or will be leasing Federal lands (40 year leases that are renewable for 2 additional terms), which we have already planted trees on. This allows us to manage our trees not only to maturity but into actual forests, which will also greatly enhance wildlife habitat.

We plant trees. We do not plant seeds and call them trees. We manage the trees we plant to ensure the overwhelming majority do not die and make it to maturity to collectively become forests.

Please help our corporate sponsors help us by utilizing these goods or services whenever see

Please help our corporate sponsors help us by utilizing these goods or services whenever see